Carcinoid Heart Disease – A Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management

Objective: Neuro-endocrine tumors (NET) resulting in syndromes of serotonin excess can lead to cardiac involvement, and substantial mortality morbidity. This article is aimed at reviewing the pathophysiology, diagnosis management carcinoid heart disease (CHD). Results: The pathophysiology CHD stems from chronic exposure circulating vasoactive compounds. Frequent clinical evaluations, monitoring biomarker levels imaging play critical roles screening early recognition. complexity necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, medical timely surgical intervention. Conclusion: Outcomes have improved, owing advances increased expertise. Surgical valvular intervention only definitive therapy for treatment symptomatic CHD.